Not Quite Robotic
Researchers have recently explored the intriguing possibility of using flies as a form of writing instrument, conducting experiments that involve multiple insects working in unison. Their findings suggest that it is feasible to coordinate several flies simultaneously, even directing them to create specific patterns, such as a smiling face or a straight line.
In their innovative experiments, the team introduced a ball into the fly enclosure and guided the insects toward it. Remarkably, the flies engaged with the ball, manipulating it in various ways. The researchers observed that once a fly began to interact with the ball, it could be directed to move it over distances exceeding one meter. Notably, the ball held no inherent attraction for the flies, and no rewards were given for their efforts in moving it.
Evidence from the experiment indicated that the flies, while often exhibiting predictable reactions to specific stimuli, were not simply driven by instinct alone. The accuracy of the experiments fell short of 100 percent, and when multiple flies were involved, the insects tended to divert from their intended course, particularly when in proximity to one another. This behavior implies a level of responsiveness that can shift depending on competing stimuli.
This suggests a nuanced distinction between the behavior of these small creatures and that of robotics. While the flies often behaved like programmed machines, their underlying biological processes set them apart from mere electronic constructs. The research team posits potential applications for these remotely controlled flies, noting that they could carry a payload of up to one milligram—approximately their body weight—making them suitable for transporting simple sensors and electronic devices. The optical control system employed, however, will remain distinct from the biological flies themselves.
PNAS, 2025. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2426180122 (About DOIs).
