On November 19, SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket successfully carried out the launch of the Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) GSAT-20 communication satellite. The mission lifted off at 12:01 AM from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. Weighing 4,700 kg, the satellite was placed into a geosynchronous transfer orbit following a flight lasting 34 minutes. This launch marked the first collaboration between SpaceX and ISRO, facilitated through NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), the commercial wing of ISRO.
About the GSAT-20 Satellite
The GSAT-20 satellite, also known as GSAT-N2, is set to bolster India’s communication framework. Featuring a Ka-band high-throughput communications payload, it has an impressive capacity of 48 Gbps. The satellite includes 32 user beams, comprising eight narrow beams aimed at the northeastern region and 24 wide beams that serve the rest of the country. This connectivity is backed by ground stations situated across mainland India.
In addition, the satellite is equipped with advanced Ka-Ka band transponders, which will provide reliable internet access to far-flung locations, including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep. Its functionality also extends to fulfilling communication needs for aviation and maritime industries, thereby enhancing national connectivity. With a projected lifespan of 14 years, GSAT-20 aims to play a crucial role in India’s communication advancements.
SpaceX Chosen for the Launch
The decision to collaborate with SpaceX for the GSAT-20 launch was mainly influenced by specific logistical considerations. The satellite’s weight surpasses the capacity of India’s heaviest launch vehicle, the LVM-3, which can carry up to 4,000 kg into geosynchronous transfer orbit. Other options, such as Arianespace, were not viable due to its rockets being out of service, and geopolitical factors eliminated Russian launch solutions.
The Falcon 9’s first-stage booster successfully completed its 19th flight, landing on the droneship Just Read the Instructions approximately eight and a half minutes post-liftoff.
Financial Aspects and Historical Context
The launch is estimated to have cost between $60 million and $70 million. This mission also holds the distinction of being ISRO’s first satellite deployment utilizing exclusively the Ka-band frequency. Notably, this event occurred alongside a busy schedule for SpaceX, which executed two additional missions within 48 hours, including the deployment of Starlink satellites and a satellite for Australia’s Optus.
